Eye Tracking Erkenntnisse in Psychologie und Neurowissenschaften Q3 2024

Background/Objectives: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a condition characterized by involuntary activity of cervical muscles, which is often accompanied by various non-motor symptoms. Recent studies indicate impaired saccadic eye movements in CD. Local administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A), which causes temporary paralysis of the injected muscle, is the first-line treatment of focal dystonia, including CD. To our knowledge, concurrent observation of the effect of BoNT/A on smooth eye movements, voluntary saccades, memory-guided saccades, and antisa...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro TX-300

The present study investigated the potential for sensitizing 2.5-year-old Caucasian infants to other-race faces (Asian faces). In the domain of face perception, infants become less sensitive to facial distinctions of other-race faces through perceptual narrowing at the end of the first year of life. Nevertheless, infants around 12 months can regain their sensitivity to other-race faces. For instance, exposing them to a specific statistical distribution and employing the mechanisms of statistical learning is one way to enhance their discriminatory abiliti...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro TX-300
• Tobii Pro Studio

Face recognition in humans is often cited as a model example of perceptual expertise that is characterized by an increased tendency to process faces as holistic percepts. However emerging evidence across different domains of expertise points to a critical role of feature-based processing strategies during the initial encoding of information. Here, we examined the eye-movement patterns of super-recognisers—individuals with extremely high face identification ability compared with the average person—using gaze-contingent “spotlight” apertures that restrict ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Spectrum

Abstract Objective The present study investigated attentional biases in anxiety using facial expressions and eye-tracking measures. Method Seventy-six participants, between 18 and 36 years, took part in the study and were divided based on trait anxiety levels: Low, Moderate, and High. The stimuli were facial expressions, and the measures of interest were Probability of First Fixation and Proportion of Fixation Time. Results The results revealed vigilance biases towards expressions of disgust, regardless of anxiety level, and maintenance biases towards ex...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro TX-300
• Tobii Pro Studio

In the present study we explore how social factors (group contact, individuating experience, implicit racial bias) influence the eye movements made during the visual exploration when judging their aesthetic merit of figurative paintings depicting White and Black sitters. An opportunity sample of participants visiting a gallery in Liverpool viewed ten artworks while their eye movements were recorded and completed a set of individual difference measures. The individual difference measures indicated self-report of art interest, social contact and individuat...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Lab

Impairments in social cognition, in particular empathy, have been associated with childhood psychopathology, though previous investigations have yielded inconsistent results. Measures of social attention can reveal processes involved in responses to emotional stimuli and highlight deficits in empathy, or emotional biases in those with anxiety. The current study examined symptoms of anxiety, cognitive and affective empathy scores, and eye-gaze patterns in a pediatric sample of children (n = 178; 51–98 months-old) referred by their teachers for emerging ps...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

Expectations about how others’ actions unfold in the future are crucial for our everyday social interactions. The current study examined the development of the use of kinematic cues for action anticipation and prediction in 3-year-olds, 4-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults in two experiments. Participants observed a hand repeatedly reaching for either a close or far object. The motor kinematics of the hand varied depending on whether the hand reached for the close or far object. We assessed whether participants would use kinematic cues to visually antic...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X60 / X120 / T60 / T120
• Tobii Pro Studio

Intercepting moving targets is a fundamental skill in human behavior, influencing various domains such as sports, gaming, and other activities. In these contexts, precise visual processing and motor control are crucial for adapting and navigating effectively. Nevertheless, there are still some gaps in our understanding of how these elements interact while intercepting a moving target. This study explored the dynamic interplay among eye movements, pupil size, and interceptive hand movements, with visual and motion uncertainty factors. We developed a simpl...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion

We investigated the relations between self‐reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self‐reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed across age cohorts. The children exhibited resilience to the effects of math anxiety, hinting at additional influential factors such as formal math education experiences shaping their relations to mathematics and t...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X3-120
• Tobii Pro Lab
• Timestudio

To address the limitations of traditional algorithms in detecting eye movement events, particularly in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, this study introduces Skip-AttSeqNet. It presents an innovative approach combining skip-connected, one-dimensional convolutional neural networks with an attention-enhanced, bidirectional long short-term memory network. This hybrid architecture significantly advances smooth pursuit (SP) event detection, as evidenced by its performance on both the GazeCom dataset and a unique dataset of PD patient eye movements. Key inno...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

Attention is an important cognitive process. Cognitive and thinking processes can be explored by examining how attention is allocated and the characteristics of visual behavior. Clinical decision-making skills are the focus of nurses’ knowledge and competency development, and the application of attention allocation modalities and visual behavioral traits in the study of clinical decision-making is lacking.

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

White noise stimulation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing working memory in children with ADHD. However, its impact on other executive functions commonly affected by ADHD, such as inhibitory control, remains largely unexplored. This research aims to explore the effects of two types of white noise stimulation on oculomotor inhibitory control in children with ADHD.

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Psychopy
• Titta

Although festivals centered around intangible cultural heritage (ICH) remain pivotal attractions for tourism destinations, the enduring appeal of Chinese opera experiences a significant decline. This research investigates whether imbuing traditional Chinese opera with modernized elements would attract young festival-goers, applying cognitive appraisal theory. Study 1 utilizing a mixed method generated eight dimensions (i.e., action, costume, lighting, makeup, music, script, story, and venue) and 41 items for measuring modernized attributes of Chinese ope...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Glasses

Contacting forests in different ways and conducting public perception evaluations of forests are important ways to evaluate forest construction. In order to explore the differences between on-site and manual post-collection indoor evaluations in forest landscape surveys, we combined subjective evaluation and objective indicator monitoring (eye movement characteristics, physiological indicators) based on different forest observation scales. We compared and analyzed the suitability of the following four visual approaches: on-site observation, manual collec...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii VR

Muslim organizations play important roles in shaping the publics’ reaction to terrorist attacks with Islamist background. The present study uses methods and models from the Situational Crisis Communication Theory to investigate whether and which response strategies affect attitudes toward Muslims and attention to positive and negative information about Muslims. Specifically, an eye tracking experiment was conducted with 202 residents of Germany. We found more positive attitudes after active vs. passive response styles. Effects on attention as measures wi...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

This study aimed to explore the effects of gameplay dynamics on players’ visual attention. We examined gameplay dynamics related to the game system, player, and context, which have the potential to influence visual attention. We divided the game interface into four areas of interest, namely avatar, obstacles, game score, and text explaining the game. We investigated how data from four designated areas of interest varied for different eye-gaze measures, including the total duration of fixations, the time to first fixation, and the number of fixations. Dat...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

Impaired joint attention is a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting social interaction and communication. We explored if group basketball learning could enhance joint attention in autistic children, and how this relates to brain changes, particularly white matter development integrity. Forty-nine autistic children, aged 4–12 years, were recruited from special education centers. The experimental group underwent a 12-week basketball motor skill learning, while the control group received standard care. Eye-tracking and brain scans were...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

Assessing pain in newborns in the NICU is crucial due to their frequent exposure to painful stimuli, yet it's challenging due to the subjective nature of current methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an AI system designed for automatic facial recognition by comparing its performance with the expert opinion of health care provider. This is a secondary analysis from an eye-tracking study, assessing neonatal pain evaluations by healthcare professionals. The performance of AI software, FaceReader 9, was compared to experts' evaluations u...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

The map-making process is a well-established discipline characterized by a series of systematic steps and has been thoroughly documented throughout history. In contrast, the process of extracting information from the map is not as comprehensively described. This process involves several key perceptual and cognitive mechanisms such as visual perception, pattern recognition, attention and selection, symbol decoding, etc. (MacEachren, 2004). Moreover, a number of other variables, like the quality of visual stimuli, type of task, and personal ability, play a...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Spectrum

Eye tracking technology not only reveals the acquisition of visual information at fixation but also has the potential to unveil underlying cognitive processes involved in learning to use a multifunction prosthetic hand. It also reveals gaze behaviours observed during standardized tasks and self-chosen tasks. The aim of the study was to explore the use of eye tracking to track learning progress of multifunction hands at two different time points in prosthetic rehabilitation.

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Lab

Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), particularly with comorbid trauma-disorders, show an attentional bias towards angry facial expressions. This is often interpreted to reflect increased anxiety and sensitivity to social threats. Given BPDs severe problems in reacting to and interpreting social communication, we investigated whether this threat bias extends to social orienting. Using a gaze-cueing task, we assessed whether centrally presented dynamic fearful and happy gaze stimuli promote the detection of peripherally presented targets. ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

This study explores the intersection of Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities and driving performance among novice drivers, with a focus on autistic individuals. The purpose is to investigate how ToM deficits may impact driving behaviors and decision-making, ultimately informing the development of tailored interventions and training programs for autistic drivers. We conducted a series of driving simulations using a custom-built driving simulator, capturing multimodal data including driving performance metrics, attention allocation, and physiological responses. ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X3-120

Developmental language disorder (DLD) and autism sometimes appear as overlapping conditions in behavioral tests. There is much literature on the visual scanning pattern (VSP) of faces in autistic children, but this is scarce regarding those with DLD. The purpose of this study was to compare the VSP of faces in young children with DLD, those with autism, and typically developing peers, assessing the effect of three variables.

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• Tobii Pro Studio

Sketching is a historical means of sharing knowledge and remains vital for communication across disciplines. Drawing translates mental images and experiences into visual knowledge and expression. Sketching education is steeped in tradition, but emerging digital technologies like eye-tracking glasses allow researchers to, for the first time, see through the eyes of illustrators as they work. This exploratory study uses eye-tracking glasses to measure head and eye kinematics, eye gaze quantity and duration, and production script order of novice and expert ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3

Wordless picture books enhance comprehension and vocabulary growth and motivate children with intellectual disabilities (ID) to participate in literary activities. However, the reception of picture books can be challenging because deliberate selective attention processes and recognition of the image's meaning are often delayed. Examining eye movements may help explore these cognitive processes. Therefore, we examined eye movements in 29 children with mild and moderate ID as they explored a wordless picture book, presented on a screen and compared them to...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X3-120

The pedestrian cognitive load has an important effect on the pedestrian crossing decision making. Compared with young adults, old people are characterised by declining physical function and slower reaction ability, which makes them prone to traffic accidents when crossing the street. This study aims to compare the visual information-mental load correlation between elderly and young adults waiting at the signalised intersections and evaluate their cognitive load conditions. Therefore, two signalised intersections with different traffic scenes in the Nan’a...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Tobii Pro Lab

A recent study by our group found that women displayed greater attentional bias to alcohol-related cues during the late versus early follicular phase in both sober and intoxicated states, suggesting a greater risk of excessive drinking among women during this phase. Changes in attentional bias as a function of menstrual cycle phase raise questions about potential sex differences in the relative consistency by which women and men display attentional bias to alcohol over time. The present study tested sex differences in attentional bias to alcohol by compa...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion

When having less money than needed, people experience financial scarcity. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate whether financial scarcity increases financial avoidance – the tendency to avoid dealing with ones finances. Participants completed an incentivized task where they managed the finances of a household by earning income and paying expenses across multiple rounds. We manipulated participants’ financial situation such that they either had sufficient (financial abundance) or insufficient (financial scarcity) financial resources. ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is an inhibitory output from the cerebellum to the primary motor cortex, which is decreased in early motor learning. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation to induce brain plastic changes; however, the effects of cerebellar tRNS on CBI and motor learning have not been investigated yet to our knowledge. In this study, whether cerebellar tRNS decreases CBI and improves motor learning was examined, and pupil diameter was measured to examine physiological changes due to the effect of ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children and adolescents are linked to severe and persistent antisocial behavior. Based on past empirical research, several theoretical models have suggested that CU traits may be partly explained by difficulties in correctly identifying others’ emotional states as well as their reduced attention to others’ eyes, which could be important for both causal theory and treatment. This study tested the relationships among CU traits, emotion recognition of facial expressions and visual behavior in a sample of 52 boys referred ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

Eye tracking technology is a high-potential tool for different mathematic cognition research areas. Moreover, there is a dire need for more studies that provide detailed information on the quality of registered eye data. This study aimed to illustrate the applicability of eye tracking in the examination of mathematical cognition, focusing specifically on primary school students completing a computerized mental arithmetic task. Results suggested that the eye tracking device effectively captured high-quality eye movement data when primary school children e...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

When lab resources are shared among multiple research projects, issues such as experimental integrity, replicability, and data safety become important. Different research projects often need different software and settings that may well conflict with one another, and data collected for one project may not be safeguarded from exposure to researchers from other projects. In this paper we provide an infrastructure design and an open-source tool, labManager, that render multi-user lab facilities in the behavioral sciences accessible to research projects with...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• LSL
• Titta

Many casinos diffuse a pleasant ambient scent into their facilities as a customer experience management practice, but the ethics of this scenting process is questionable. Although the effect of a pleasant scent on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses has been well-documented, its effect on attention during gambling has yet to be explored. Grounded in the tenets of the top-down control of attention and cross-modal correspondence between vision and olfaction, we conduct two eye-tracking experiments that involve different electronic casino games i...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro TX-300

To date the vast majority of research in the visual neurosciences have been forced to adopt a highly constrained perspective of the vision system in which stimuli are processed in an open-loop reactive fashion (i.e., abrupt stimulus presentation followed by an evoked neural response). While such constraints enable high construct validity for neuroscientific investigation, the primary outcomes have been a reductionistic approach to isolate the component processes of visual perception. In electrophysiology, of the many neural processes studied under this r...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• LSL
• EYE-EEG

The aim of the study was to determine the normative data of the computerized DEM test for school-age children in Latvia. The study analyzed data on the performance (test execution time, duration, number of fixations, and number of errors) of 291 children while completing the computerized DEM test. Eye movement fixations were recorded with a Tobii Pro Fusion video-oculograph (250 Hz). According to the results of the study, the performance of the computerized DEM test is 77 %. For the study, 1 SD (one standard deviation) was chosen as a criterion for deter...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion

Historically 3D effect in film has been used as a relatively superficial aesthetic attraction. Here we consider and test the idea that 3D can be used to guide viewer attention and narrative interpretation in film. The current study used self-report measures in conjunction with eye-tracking technology to record attention, memory and narrative interpretation of 32 participants (25 female). Eye-gaze behaviour was recorded while half of the participants were randomly assigned to watch Michel Gondry’s The Green Hornet (2011) in 3D and the other half watched t...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Glasses
• Tobii Pro Studio

To determine, the impact of long COVID-19 on oculomotor behaviour.

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• Tobii Pro Lab

Autistic individuals encounter challenges in recognizing emotional expressions of others. Pupillary response has been proposed as an indicator of arousal dysregulation or cognitive load. The pupillary response of autistic individuals during socio-affective tasks remains unclear. This study investigated pupillary response in autistic adults when viewing emotional faces/eyes and recognizing emotions during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and watching interpersonal touch scenes in the social touch task. The study included 98 participants diagno...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30

This study investigates whether a not informative, irrelevant emotional reaction of disgust interferes with decision-making under uncertainty. We manipulate the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) by associating a disgust-eliciting image with selections from Disadvantageous/Bad decks (Congruent condition) or Advantageous/Good decks (Incongruent condition). A Control condition without manipulations is also included. Results indicate an increased probability of selecting from a Good deck as the task unfolds in all conditions. However, this effect is modulated by the ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X3-120
• OpenSesame
• Biopac

The vision of smart buildings that aim to be inclusive needs to take into consideration the diversity of human needs and the various ways in which individuals interact with and experience built environments. This contribution focuses on neurodiversity, specifically investigating how certain design choices and qualities of indoor environments can have distinct impacts on individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In a controlled laboratory setting, we created six conditions with modified lighting and sound designs. Participants (14 ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Psychopy

Aesthetic enhancements to the buttock region have grown in demand due to media influence and evolving beauty standards. Using eye-tracking technology, we sought to uncover subconscious visual preferences regarding the buttock aesthetic. The objective of this investigation was to assess visual gaze patterns in assessing female buttocks among Caucasian and Asians through eye-tracking technology. 67 participants viewed photographs of buttocks from various angles, and eye movements were analyzed using the Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Males fixated on the inte...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

This study explored the impact of various label information (extrinsic attributes) and sociodemographic and attitudinal factors (intrinsic attributes) on Brazilian consumer choices, using simulated traditional and plant-based muçarela cheese as the model product. The research was conducted in two phases: the first involved a structured questionnaire assessing attitudinal dimensions such as Health Consciousness, Climate Change, Plant-based Diets, and Food Neophobia, along with sociodemographic data collection. The second phase comprised a discrete choice ...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X60 / X120 / T60 / T120

Background: Eyebrow position affects perceived facial expression and youthfulness, and its modification is a key component of facial rejuvenation. Objective: This investigation aimed to assess the preferred vertical eyebrow position, apex location, and eyebrow shape in Caucasian and Asian individuals and to analyze gaze patterns during aesthetic judgment using eye-tracking technology. Materials and Methods: The study included 76 Asian and Caucasian volunteers with no medical background. Eye movements were captured with a Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Parti...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Nano

Individuals with schizophrenia show aberrant processing of social cues. In the current study, we (1) compared trustworthiness ratings of faces between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, (2) compared pupillary reactivity between patients and controls (3) examined whether trustworthiness judgments in schizophrenia are related to pupil reactivity, (4) and examined associations between trustworthiness judgements and symptom severity, specifically paranoia. Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N = 48) and healthy controls (N = 33) co...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X60 / X120 / T60 / T120

Vision scientists dedicated their efforts to unraveling the mechanism of filling-in at the blind-spot (BS) through numerous psychophysical experiments. The prevalent interpretation, emphasizing active filling-in, has spurred extensive research endeavors. In a parallel vein, a pertinent study highlighted the predominance of the nasal Visual Field (VF) over the temporal one and postulated the role of the Cortical Magnification Factor (CMF) in explaining the asymmetry of filling-in. In this study, we first replicated this experiment and then conducted BS-sp...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Tobii Pro Lab
• Psychtoolbox

State-of-the-art eye trackers provide valuable information for diagnosing reading problems by measuring and interpreting people’s gaze paths as they read through text. Abnormal conditions such as visual field defects, however, can seriously confound most of today’s existing methods for interpreting reading gaze patterns. Our objective was to research how visual field defects impact reading gaze path patterns, so the effects of such neurological pathologies can be explicitly incorporated into more comprehensive reading diagnosis methodologies. A cross-sec...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

It has long been hypothesized that the linguistic structure of events, including event participants and their relative prominence, draws on the non-linguistic nature of events and the roles that these events license. However, the precise relation between the prominence of event participants in language and cognition has not been tested experimentally in a systematic way. Here we address this gap. In four experiments, we investigate the relative prominence of (animate) Agents, Patients, Goals and Instruments in the linguistic encoding of complex events an...Mehr anzeigen

• Tobii Pro X60 / X120 / T60 / T120
• Tobii Pro Studio