Eye tracking insights dans le domaine de la formation et de l'évaluation Q2 2025.

This paper describes a proposal for drivers’ effective detection for precise scanning to unexpected events during train operations. The study highlights the importance of gaze behavior and visual exploring strategies in improving reaction times and ensuring passenger safety. The paper also discusses the effectiveness of visual feedback at real time in a simulator of virtual reality. The system navigates the driver’s eye movement to scan the whole screen efficiently, balancing focus between central and peripheral vision. The feedback mechanism includes a ...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Nano

With the improvements in information technology, the nuclear power instrumentation and control system has shifted from traditional instrumentation to digitalization and now faces the challenge of advancing toward intelligence. Greater emphasis is placed on human-computer collaborations in advanced nuclear power plants, and automation design significantly impacts the safety and efficiency of control room diagnosis and actions. In this study, we constructed a decision ladder for operators in the main control room that is divided into different levels of a...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Fusion

In assistive technology, misclassification can degrade performance by aiding the wrong activity. In human activity recognition classes are often significantly imbalanced and have few labels. For example, while the final stage of shooting is a continuous activity, often the only labeled samples are trigger pulls which can account for < 1% of the dataset. Label spreading can mitigate this but requires optimized features and balanced class distributions. Conventional metrics assume constant ground truth and work poorly with label spreading. This results in ...Afficher plus

• Tobii VR
• LSL
• EYE-EEG

The objective of this research was to analyze the duration of visual fixations of novice and expert basketball players before executing a motor action in a triple-threat situation while facing four defensive formations: man-to-man defense, 2-3 zone, 1-2-2 zone, and 1-3-1 zone. The results showed that man-to-man defense required more fixation time for expert offensive players when facing the 2-3 zone. Additionally, expert players exhibited significantly shorter fixation times compared to novices when facing the 2-3 and 1-2-2 defenses. The complexity of de...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• LSL
• GlassesViewer

This study investigates the differences in visual behavior between expert and non-expert viewers during 8K video quality assessments using eye-tracking technology. Subjective evaluations were conducted based on the single-stimulus (SS) method prescribed in ITU-R BT.500. Eight experts and twenty non-experts viewed both pristine and distorted 8K video sequences while their eye movements were recorded. Eye-tracking data analysis revealed that experts exhibited shorter scanpath lengths and higher gaze frame ratios compared to non-experts, suggesting more eff...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Fusion

This pioneering study explored the eye movement classifications among expert and novice anatomists in a gross anatomy cadaver lab. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses while identifying tagged anatomical structures in a prosected donor body. As expected, our initial findings indicated that participants with greater expertise had shorter completion times. Also, the normalized fixation features of participants showed that as expertise levels increased, there were fewer fixations with shorter durations. This suggests that participants with greater experti...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses
• Tobii Pro Studio
• LSL

Understanding how novice programmers allocate their visual attention during programming tasks can improve education. Although eye-tracking provides rich quantitative data, visualizing gaze behavior effectively remains challenging. This study introduces a methodology that integrates DBSCAN clustering and Sankey diagrams to visualize attentional distribution among novice programmers based on their expertise and accuracy. We collected eye-tracking data from undergraduate students as they solved multiple-choice programming questions. We clustered fixation da...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• itrace

To improve the quality of flight training in instrument failure scenarios, eye movement data were collected from flight instructors during climbing, descending, and turning flights when the primary attitude direction indicator failed. The performance data of the excellent instructors was selected to produce eye movement tutorials. These tutorials were used to conduct eye movement training for the experimental group of flight trainees. In contrast, the control group received traditional training. The performance and eye movement data of the two groups of ...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab

OBJECTIVE In robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the perception and interpretation of the visual scene poses a huge challenge for medical trainees. However, their ability to assist effectively in surgical procedures depends heavily on mastering these visual skills. Research on multimedia learning suggests that seeing an expert's eye movements during task completion as a “worked-example” (i.e., eye movement modeling examples [EMME]) may guide learners’ attention to critical areas and improve learning outcomes. The effectiveness of EMMEs in robotic surg...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• Tobii Pro Lab

This study examines the effectiveness of game-based learning in enhancing hazard identification skills. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of participants’ hazard identification performance and eye-tracking data with qualitative insights from participant feedback. In a simulated study, participants were asked to identify hazards following the game-based training intervention. The Hazard Identification Index (HII) scores increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in the post-training trials, indicating enhanced hazar...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro TX-300
• Tobii Pro Studio

The training of Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (ACTA) fellows in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is essential for their development, but assessing technical proficiency remains challenging. While hands-on experience is the cornerstone of learning, traditional evaluation methods primarily focus on image interpretation, neglecting the assessment of image acquisition techniques and visual attention. We describe our experience using wearable eye-tracking technology to objectively assess the TEE skills of ACTA fellows. Since 2023, our ACTA fellows...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab

Introduction Simulation-based training (SBT) is used to train medical residents before they perform procedures on patients, yet most simulators do not have reporting on their validation readily available. In SBT, there is no obvious standard for how validity tests of simulators should be conducted, or which type of validity should be used. Eye-tracking can be used to determine validity by comparing gaze patterns of physicians between the clinical and simulator environments, and between novices and experts. This exploratory study utilizes eye tracking to ...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab

In a high-risk, high-stakes task like robotic assisted surgery, identifying the mental workload (MWL) of the surgeon is essential for training and improving patient health outcomes. Recent studies on learning-based frameworks in the literature use physiological sensor data to develop a universal model that is applied to all subjects based on standardized data. Other methods based on transfer learning require a calibration dataset of the target domain before the MWL classification algorithm can be applied, which shows promising performance and more accura...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3

Background The assessment of clinical reasoning in health trainees is vital yet poses challenges. We tracked the eye movements of participants while they were reviewing a neurological case with the goal of finding behavioral evidence to improve health education. Methods Eleven medical students and seventeen expert physicians were required to read a neurological case within a 150-second timeframe. The case included descriptive text, a brain CT scan, and an electrocardiogram (ECG). Participants completed a multiple-choice questions (MCQs) test after readi...Afficher plus

• Tobii Pro Nano