Eye tracking for training and assessment Q1 2026

Sight-reading engages complex cognitive processes, yet fine-grained strategies for specific musical parameters remain underexplored. Using a Tobii X2-60 Hz eye tracker, this study aimed to determine how experts and amateurs process key and time signatures during real time sight-reading of simple (one-hand) and complex (two-hand) passages. Three areas of interest were analysed: initial key and time signatures, accidentals and time signature changes, and the first note of a bar. The results indicate that experts performed more accurately and modulated thei...Show more

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• Tobii Pro Studio

This study aimed to classify robot-assisted surgery (RAS) skill levels (inexperienced, competent, and experienced) during performance of vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) using multimodal physiological signals. We trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models on data collected from 23 RAS (RAS trainees and experienced surgeons) performing two VUAs on animal tissue. The dataset included 116-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and 20 eye-tracking signals recorded during two VUA subtasks: (1) needle grasping, positioni...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Lab

In complex driving environments, drivers must continuously detect and respond to critical visual information such as traffic signs and pedestrians. However, important targets may sometimes be overlooked due to high cognitive load during driving. Therefore, visual attention prompt methods have been proposed to guide drivers’ gaze toward relevant targets. A visual attention prompt method is a visual cue presented in a key area in a user’s field of view to draw his/her visual attention. This study evaluates the short-term performance of five visual attentio...Show more

• Tobii Pro Spectrum

BackgroundResistance training (RT) coaches can implement velocity-based training (VBT) to prescribe set volume by terminating sets at a target velocity loss (VL) threshold. However, VBT necessitates velocity-tracking devices that demand time and expertise. In a previous study, we asked RT coaches to detect VL thresholds using solely their observational judgment – the Coach’s Eye. We found improved accuracy when participants spontaneously used a “bar strategy” (focusing on the barbell). Here, we investigated whether coaches could be trained to intentional...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab

Nuclear power plant diagnostic tasks impose high demands on operators’ situation awareness (SA) due to high time pressure and complex information integration. Based on information flow theory, this study first proposes information flow rate (bits/s) as an objective predictor of SA for nuclear diagnostic tasks, validating its effectiveness through simulations of steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) and small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) scenarios. Twenty-two participants (skilled and less-skilled groups) were recruited, using SART scores and eye...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Lab

Assessing worker skill is essential for optimizing high-complexity, low-output production tasks that are consequently difficult to automate for increased efficiency over human work. Identifying specific, accessible metrics to identify workers as beginners versus experts may also help design more efficient training regimens, as well as help uncover the determinants of skill. In this study, atemporal (timestamp removed) eye tracking data from 16 subjects performing a soldering task were analyzed using a variety of machine learning models, including k-neare...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate a perceptual learning module (PLM) for improving visual diagnostic skills among novice students and to investigate the underlying cognitive mechanisms using eye-tracking.MethodsIn this mixed-design study, 63 novice optometry students (Year 1 and 2) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: perceptual learning (PL), perceptual learning with enhanced-contrast (PLC), or a no-training control. A benchmark group of 21 senior students (Year 5) with formal clinical training was also recruited. The PL and PLC groups ...Show more

• Tobii Pro Fusion