Eye tracking insights in medical research Q1 2024

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of cystoscopy varies according to the knowledge and experience of the performing physician. In this study, we evaluated the difference in cystoscopic gaze location patterns between medical students and urologists and assessed the differences in their eye movements when simultaneously observing conventional cystoscopic images and images with lesions detected by artificial intelligence (AI). Methodology: Eye-tracking measurements were performed, and observation patterns of participants (24 medical students and 10 urologi...Show more

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

Objective. The enabling technology of visual prosthetics for the blind is making rapid progress. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the functional outcomes, which can depend on many design choices in the development. In visual prostheses with a head-mounted camera, a particularly challenging question is how to deal with the gaze-locked visual percept associated with spatial updating conflicts in the brain. The current study investigates a recently proposed compensation strategy based on gaze-contingent image processing with eye-tracking. Ga...Show more

• Tobii VR

Background & Aims: Eye-tracking technology provides a mechanism to explore regressive fixation behaviors to words constituting specific categories (i.e., content and function words) when people with aphasia (PWA) and neurotypical adults (NA) read multi-sentence narratives. Examining regressive eye movements to words comprising different categories allows for further discernment of intact and altered fixation behaviors that may contribute to the future development of interventions and supports. Methods: Eight PWA and eight NAs read paragraph-length narrat...Show more

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Tobii Pro Lab

Introduction: Total agenesis of the corpus callosum is a rare congenital anomaly, often associated with other brain malformations. As the diagnosis is based on neuroradiological evidence, only a few cases of asymptomatic elderly people have been described. Therefore, little is known about the aging of the brain in this type of individual. Case report: We present a case of incidentally discovered total agenesis of the corpus callosum with colpocephaly (disproportionately enlarged occipital horns) and midline lipoma in a highly educated and autonomous seve...Show more

• Tobii Pro X3-120

Tele‐consultations are increasingly used for screening and diagnosis. Only a few studies have assessed dental students’ visual attention to clinical images.

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

Objective: The aim of this study was to use wearable video-recording technology to measure precisely the timing of discrete events during perioperative central venous catheter (CVC) placements. Design: A single-center, observational, exploratory study on the use of wearable video-recording technology during intraoperative CVC placement. Setting: The study was conducted at a University Hospital. Participants: Clinical anesthesia residents, cardiothoracic anesthesia fellows, and attending anesthesiologists participated in this study. Interventions: Partici...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, little to no expressive speech, visual and motor problems, emotional/behavioral challenges, and a tendency towards hyperphagia and weight gain. The characteristics of AS make it difficult to measure these children’s functioning with standard clinical tests. Feasible outcome measures are needed to measure current functioning and change over time, in clinical practice and clinical trials.

• Tobii Pro TX-300
• Tobii Pro Studio

Analysis of operative fields is expected to aid in estimating procedural workflow and evaluating surgeons’ procedural skills by considering the temporal transitions during the progression of the surgery. This study aims to propose an automatic recognition system for the procedural workflow by employing machine learning techniques to identify and distinguish elements in the operative field, including body tissues such as fat, muscle, and dermis, along with surgical tools.

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Glasses 3

Clinical assessment procedures encounter challenges in terms of objectivity because they rely on subjective data. Computational psychiatry proposes overcoming this limitation by introducing biosignal-based assessments able to detect clinical biomarkers, while virtual reality (VR) can offer ecological settings for measurement. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder where many biosignals have been tested to improve assessment procedures. However, in ASD research there is a lack of studies systematically comparing biosignals for the...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2

Text-to-speech (TTS) technology potentially benefits people with aphasia by presenting content through two modalities simultaneously; however, for this to help, eye fixations must synchronize with the auditory rendition of words. Researchers have yet to explore how often and to what extent people with aphasia achieve modality synchronization. This retrospective analysis examined the percent of words people with aphasia see and hear concurrently when reading passages presented via TTS technology.

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Tobii Pro Lab

Background: The goal of every medical team is to provide optimal care for their patients. We aimed to use video review (VR) sessions to identify and address areas for improvement in neonatal care. Methods: For nine months, neonatal procedures (stabilization at birth, intubations and sterile line insertions) were video recorded and reviewed with the neonatal care providers. Action research was used to identify and address areas for improvement which were categorized as (1) protocol/equipment adjustments, (2) input for research, (3) aspects of variety, or ...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses

Measuring oculomotor abnormalities in human subjects is challenging due to the delicate spatio-temporal nature of the oculometric measures (OMs) used to assess eye movement abilities. Some OMs require a gaze estimation accuracy of less than 2 degrees and a sample rate that enables the detection of movements lasting less than 100 ms. While past studies and applications have used dedicated and limiting eye tracking devices to extract OMs, recent advances in imaging sensors and computer vision have enabled video-based gaze detection. Here, we present a self...Show more

• Tobii Pro Fusion

To understand attentional preferences for normal and microtia ears.

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

Eye movement disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is less likely to appear when observing complex images compared with simple images. However, in case of auditory stimuli, meaningful stimuli can promote PD movement. Thus, we measured visual search movements with an eye tracker to investigate whether visual search changes in PD depending on the meaningfulness of visual stimuli; additionally, we measured event‐related potentials (ERPs) to neurophysiologically examine visual information processing in PD.

• Tobii Pro Spectrum
• Tobii Pro Lab

The existing performance evaluation methods in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) are mainly subjective, costly, and affected by shortcomings such as the inconsistency of results and dependency on the raters’ opinions. The aim of this study was to develop models for an objective evaluation of performance and rate of learning RAS skills while practicing surgical simulator tasks. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking data were recorded from 26 subjects while performing Tubes, Suture Sponge, and Dots and Needles tasks. Performance scores were generated ...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 2
• Tobii Pro Lab

The purpose of this study is to determine children's perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye tracking technology and subjective responses on a survey to understand pediatric perceptions of facial scarring.

• Tobii Pro Nano
• Tobii Pro Lab

Currently, assessing ADHD treatment response to stimulants relies on rating scales and subjective questionnaires and sometimes a CPT. Such tools fall short of objective, quantifiable measurement of effect, especially in natural settings and can result in inconsistent treatment.

• Tobii Pro Fusion
• Tobii Pro Lab

A core feature of autism involves difficulty perceiving and interpreting eye gaze shifts as nonverbal communicative signals. A hypothesis about the origins of this phenotype is that it emerges from developmentally different social visual attention (SVA). We developed Social Games for Autistic Adolescents (SAGA; Scherf et al. BMJ Open 8(9):e023682, 2018) as a serious game intervention for autistic individuals to discover the significance of eye gaze cues. Previously, we demonstrated the effectiveness of SAGA to improve the perception and understanding of ...Show more

• Tobii Pro X2-60 / X2-30
• Tobii Pro Studio

This study employs sequence-network analysis to investigate the influence of instructing a standardized procedure on total-body skin examination (TBSE) performance. A between-subjects study was conducted with thirty-one participants comprising medical students and attending physicians. Among these participants, fifteen were randomly assigned to the uninstructed group and sixteen to the instructed group. The participants' gaze and field of view were recorded using eye tracking glasses while performing TBSE on a male and a female standardized patient. The ...Show more

• Tobii Pro Glasses 3
• Tobii Pro Lab