Eye tracking in UX research: Q1 2026 insights

User interfaces (UIs) have become prevalent and dominant to maximize overall user experience. In order to enhance UI design, the effects of their base properties must be mapped out. Therefore, we constructed a structural equation model, considering the direct effects of design properties and the mediating effects of user performance, with the specific goal of maximizing the UI for users. A total of thirty-six participants were surveyed with different random combinations of UIs while using an eye tracker and measuring their final perception. Significant d...Show more

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Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) have traditionally adopted an engineering-oriented design paradigm, prioritizing functional performance and energy efficiency while neglecting users’ emotional experiences with product morphology. This imbalance has hindered the achievement of both emotional and environmental sustainability. As UUVs expand into the consumer market, users now expect not only high technical performance but also emotionally engaging morphological features, which pose new challenges for product design. To address this issue, this paper pro...Show more

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Negative driving emotions constitute a significant factor compromising road safety. Current intelligent vehicle human machine interaction (HMI) systems predominantly focus on functional implementation, lacking the capability to perceive and adapt to the driver’s psychological state. To address this issue, this study investigates the intrinsic relationship between driving emotions and HMI through multimodal experiments. Experiment One reveals the distribution patterns of drivers’ visual attentional scope under different emotional states. Experiment Two es...Show more

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Existing research lacks a framework to analyze how mobile animations affect cognition and emotion. This study combines eye-tracking and the PAD scale within Garrett’s UX framework, examining how animation properties across structural, framework, and presentation layers shape user perception. The results show that: (1) Dynamic stimuli capture attention faster than static counterparts, particularly when task-relevant, though irrelevant animation may cause distraction; (2) Accelerated motions outperform uniform and decelerated animations in initial attentio...Show more

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Icon buttons in in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) are key interaction elements but can cause driver distraction. This study employed a full factorial within-subjects repeated measures design with three levels each of icon button number (6, 9, 15), position (left, middle, right), and familiarity (high, medium, low). A total of 60 drivers participated in a driving simulator study. Generalized estimating equation was employed to explore the effects of various factors on drivers’ visual and driving performance. The visual transfer characteristics were ex...Show more

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BACKGROUND: Reading is a cognitively challenging skill that is used frequently in daily life, involving various visual factors. Previous studies have shown the impact of visual impairments on reading. The implementation of augmented reality (AR) is relatively new in ophthalmology. Studies have applied AR Head Mounted Displays (HMD) in vision enhancing systems for older drivers or as an instrument to compensate for metamorphopsia; however, the usability of an AR-HMD in ophthalmologic research has received little attention. The aim of this study was to ass...Show more

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Drivers in complex traffic environments face high cognitive demands, increasing accident risk, especially for older drivers. Augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUD) can improve safety by projecting navigation cues directly into the forward view, yet age-specific guidelines for different traffic contexts are scarce. This study examines four AR-HUD design factors: display position (aerial or ground), indication distance (long or short), gradient transparency, and graphic animation. In a simulated congestion scenario, an aerial display paired with long-...Show more

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This scoping review synthesizes how eye-tracking has been used to evaluate the usability of interactive geovisualisations, addressing the lack of structured overviews in this field. Following the PRISMA-ScR framework, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and the ACM Digital Library for publications from 2005 to early 2025. The search yielded 727 records; after removing duplicates, 685 entries were screened, and 87 studies met all eligibility criteria. The review analyses visualization types, usability task categories, participant c...Show more

Evaluating User Experience (UX) is essential to understand how users interact with and perceive a system. When these evaluation techniques are applied in teaching–learning contexts, their relevance increases, as they directly influence the quality and effectiveness of the Learning Objects (LOs) with which students engage. However, traditional UX methods primarily capture subjective information, which may not accurately reflect the user’s real experience. To address this limitation, this research introduces the UXEEGET framework, which integrates establis...Show more

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With the development of the manufacturing industry, the demand for human-computer interaction in CNC machine tools has continuously increased. This study aims to use FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) and QFD(Quality Function Deployment) methods to optimize the design of machine tool control panels, enhancing user experience and operational efficiency. The study explores an improved design of the machine tool control panel using the FMEA-QFD approach. Through FMEA and QFD analysis, priority design features were identified, including digital keys, ...Show more

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Deficiencies in the usability of transport ventilators may lead to operating errors and patient harm. Intuitively operable devices and optimized ergonomics can reduce cognitive workload and critical events. In order to identify shortcomings of specific devices we compared the user interfaces of four modern transport ventilators. We hypothesized that the task-specific usability of user interfaces differs between transport ventilators. Therefore, we investigated the usability of modern transport ventilators from four manufacturers by means of subjective an...Show more

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As populations age, digital health platforms play a critical role in supporting elderly users’ access to health information. However, the interface remains a decisive factor shaping users’ trust and engagement. This study investigates how navigation depth and interface color jointly influence elderly users’ online trust and visual search behavior.A 2 (navigation structure: flat vs. tree) $\times 3$ (color: red, green, blue) within-subjects experiment was conducted with older adults, combining an online trust scale and eyetracking measures. The findings s...Show more

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